Ch4 DESK TOP SCOPING EXERCISE

4.1.2 "Conduct...a desk top scoping exercise that encompasses a review of all existing relevant information on landscape resources in Hong Kong...Plans or planning studies such as development statements and outline zoning plans should also be taken into account to develop an insight to the future outlook of different landscape areas of Hong Kong..."

4.1.4 "provide a database of background information and amalgamate the information into different map overlays (layers) in GIS format".

4.1.8 The second type of information to be sourced is information on planned and committed future development. Such information is not used in establishing the landscape baseline, but is used "to develop an insight to the future outlook of different landscape areas of Hong Kong" (para 6.6(1) of the Brief).

4.1.9 The structure of the database and the sources of relevant data are illustrated in Figure 4.1.

4.1.10 The purpose of information review is primarily as input to the Preliminary Landscape Character Map (PLCM) and Database. Production of the PLCM and Database is one of the key outputs of Task 5.

4.1.11 The PLCM is a map showing a series of LCT/LCA boundaries, arrived at by synthesising data on landscape resources ('supervised classification') as described in Working Paper 5.1

4.1.13 The landscape classification in the PLCM will be checked and updated on site by field surveyors. Similarly, data collected on landscape value which is held on the Database will be used during field survey to inform the evaluation that field surveyors will make. (The PLCM will not contain an evaluation of LCAs. Such an evaluation will be a product of field survey and will be presented in the Draft Landscape Character Map).

4.1.14 The following sections of the report will deal with data sources on Existing Landscapes and Planned and Committed Development respectively.

4.2.1 Sources of information which relate to the existing landscape can be split into three types:

4.2.2 The second and third of these types of data need to be digitised, or turned into digital data, that is compatible with GIS so that it can be used as part of the scoping exercise.

4.2.3 Before any data is used in the Study, it must be reviewed in order to establish its validity. For example, data is often out of date, or prepared for particular reasons not relevant to the Study and it needs to be reviewed carefully and only relevant or appropriate data selected.

4.2.5 This section of the report provides a review of the various types and sources of data that are available for use in the Desk Top Scoping Exercise.

4.2.6 A review of digital data potentially useful to the Study and held by Government has been undertaken. A list of those datasets which have been reviewed is presented in Appendix 1. Included in this is a column indicating whether the data-set is being used either in the creation of the Preliminary Landscape Character Map or any of the supporting layers of information in the accompanying database. If components of the layer has been used in constructing the PLCM, then a supporting data layer has been created to accompany the LCM. These supporting data layers are described in more detail in Section 4.4.3. The processes of deriving LCAs from these layers is described in Section 5 and detailed for each LCT in Appendix 4.

4.2.7 Data has been reviewed from the following chief sources of existing GIS or compatible data, as shown in Table 4.1.

4.2.8 Comment - LIC data has proved useful to the study. The manipulation referred to in Table 4.1 was associated with the derivation of secondary products including a DEM, valley/hill interface boundaries and layers to help in the classification of street blocks based on building heights. In Particular the BG1000 dataset which contains building height data was highly useful.

4.2.9 Data Gaps - There is not sufficient existing digital or hardcopy information available to allow automated discrimination of all LCTs at the local level. The extent to which there are "data gaps" varies from LCT to LCT. For example in the case of the DG(v) village categories, it is not possible to discriminate from existing data whether a village is type Dg(v)4 "Walled Village". However discrimination of type Dg(v)6 "Waterfront Village" is possible based on the villages proximity to the coast. Data gaps are described on an LCT by LCT basis in Appendix 4. How problems such as this are resolved is described further in Chapter 5.

4.2.10 Hard copy map data includes Development Statements and major technical studies prepared for Planning Department for various reasons.

4.2.12 Data which is available on these studies has been reviewed and will be used as evidence and support for judgments regarding landscape value. As further data on major studies becomes available during the course of the Assignment, this will be reviewed and included in the database as relevant. A tabulated overview of the relevance of data contained in major studies is presented in Table 4.2 , followed by more detailed analysis of the studies and their contents.

4.2.13 A more detailed commentary on the various data sources is provided below.

4.2.14 The 1996 Territory Development Strategy Review includes a strategy for the landscape of the SAR. The landscape of the SAR has been mapped and divided into a series of broad types. The TDSR's classification system covers both descriptive and evaluative content within the description of any one landscape type (presumably to aid brevity of presentation).

4.2.15 Comment - The TDSR includes the following designations which will be included in the database as support for landscape evaluations:

4.2.16 The Metroplan Landscape Strategy for the Urban Fringe and Coastal Areas (MLS) (1989) was prepared as a component of Metroplan, the strategic planning document for the urban fringe and coastal areas of Hong Kong and Kowloon. In addition, the Urban Design Statement - Key Plan (Plan 17) provides a mapped analysis of the urban area together with an outline strategy, largely in terms of existing land use.

4.2.17 Comment - The MLS and Urban Design Statement include a number of designations which will be included in the database as support for landscape evaluations. These include:

4.2.18 The Study is restricted to strategic matters in the urban fringe and coastal areas of Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. As the Study is now some years old, data will be reviewed during field survey to ensure its validity.

4.2.19 Development Statements usually include a review of landscape resources. After a review of Developments Statements (see Inception Report for this Study), the following data has been determined to be of use to the Study:

Planning and Development Study on Hong Kong Island South and Lamma Island (ongoing)

4.2.20 The Planning and Development on Study on Hong Kong Island South and Lamma Island contains a stand-alone 'Landscape Value Appraisal' Report. The report presents a comprehensive breakdown of the Study area into local 'landscape character areas' (LCAs) with corresponding descriptions, rating of landscape sensitivity and detailed landscape planning guidelines for each LCA. There is also a broad landscape strategy for each LCA. Major landscape features are mapped (though woodland mapping is not presented in this report). The Landscape Appraisal Plan is also identifies recreational provision and potential. Photographs of selected features are provided in the EIA report.

4.2.21 Comment - descriptions of character, condition and sensitivity will be used as references when preparing the analysis of different LCAs in the Draft Landscape Character Map.

4.2.22 The Planning and Development on Study on the North-east New Territories contains a fairly comprehensive description, mapping and evaluation of the landscape of the north-east New Territories (Technical Papers 6 and 7). Woodland is mapped and the landscape is broken down into Landscape Character Units. The LCU's are in effect 'landscape character areas' and are accompanied by descriptions of features and landscape character, together with photographs of selected features. These LCU's are also assigned a value from 'low' through to 'high'.

4.2.23 Comment - descriptions of character and features will be used as references when preparing the analysis of different LCAs in the Draft Landscape Character Map. Areas of particular value will be put onto the database as references for landscape value.

4.2.24 The Planning and Development Study on the North-west New Territories contains a limited description and mapping of the landscape of the north-west new territories (Technical Paper No. 7). Key landscape elements are mapped (woodland, topography and hydrological features - Figures 2-4; 7-9 and Supplementary Papers). There is no mapping or classification of landscape types or landscape character.

4.2.25 Comment - There is no data in this study which is not available more comprehensively from other sources.

4.2.26 The Development proposals for Hung Shui Kui were developed in association with the above study, Hung Shui Kiu is identified as a potential new development area, to be termed Hung Shui Kiu New Town. The new town is planned to house a total population of 160,000, of which 100,000 would be accommodated in high-density development.

4.2.27 Comment - Material available on this Study does not suggest that it contains any information relevant to the current Assignment.

Study on South-east New Territories Planning and Development Strategy Review (ongoing)

4.2.28 The Study on the South-east New Territories Planning and Development Strategy Review contains a fairly comprehensive description of landscape character and quality, mapping and evaluation of the landscape of the south-east New Territories (Working Papers 7 and 8 (Volume II). Major landscape features are mapped and landscape is broken down into Landscape Character Units. The LCU's are in effect 'landscape character areas' and are accompanied by appropriate descriptions of features and landscape character, together with photographs of landscape context and selected features. These LCU's are also assigned an evaluation from 'low' through to 'high'. Prescriptive strategic actions for landscape are included in the 'Tourism and Recreation Framework'.

4.2.29 Comment - descriptions of character and features will be used as references when preparing the analysis of different LCAs in the Draft Landscape Character Map. Areas of particular value will be put onto the database as references for landscape value.

South West New Territories Planning and Development Study on South-west New Territories (ongoing)

4.2.30 The South West New Territories Planning and Development Study The Planning and Development Study on South-west New Territories (Final Report) contains only limited reference to landscape values, as part of a wider conservation strategy. Figure 2.1 identifies existing Country Park and proposed extensions as well as SSSI's, features of ecological interest and features of heritage interest. There are brief landscape descriptions within the Tourism and Recreation Proposals (Section 4.4.2).

Planning and Development Study on Hong Kong Island South and Lamma Island (ongoing)

4.2.31 The Planning and Development on Study on Hong Kong Island South and Lamma Island contains a stand-alone 'Landscape Value Appraisal' Report. The report presents a comprehensive breakdown of the Study area into local 'landscape character areas' (LCAs) with corresponding descriptions, rating of landscape sensitivity and detailed landscape planning guidelines for each LCA. There is also a broad landscape strategy for each LCA. Major landscape features are mapped (though woodland mapping is not presented).

4.2.32 Comment - There is no data in this study which is not available more comprehensively from other sources
Development Statements for the Urban Areas

4.2.33 Development statements have thus far been prepared for the following urban areas of Hong Kong and Kowloon:

4.2.34 Amongst other subjects, these statements develop the objectives for landscape and urban design established by Metroplan. Most therefore include (to some extent) an analysis of the landscape and townscape characteristics of their areas.

4.2.35 The Hong Kong Island West Development Statement - Final Report provides a written description and analysis of the landscape of the Study area and provides an action plan which is linked to open space; recreation; pedestrian movement and streetscape and environmental objectives. Landscape is mapped largely in terms of the broad categories used in the Metroplan Landscape Strategy for the Urban Fringe and Coastal Areas. It also includes an action plan for future landscape improvements.

4.2.36 Comment - Descriptions of landscape or townscape character will be used as references when preparing the analysis of different LCAs in the Draft Landscape Character Map. The following features will be mapped urban environment is analysed (in the text) in terms of:

4.2.37 The Urban Design, Landscape, Open Space and Recreational Frameworks Report for the study provides an analysis of landscape issues. This comprises an analysis of fung shui characteristics. A number of key landscape character areas are identified on plan (no figure numbers) and described in the text with a limited amount of illustrative material. Specific key issues and problems are identified.

4.2.38 Comment - The description of key landscape areas, features and characteristics will be used as references when preparing the analysis of different LCAs in the Draft Landscape Character Map. The following features will be mapped:

Comprehensive Feasibility Study for the Revised Scheme of South East Kowloon Development (2001)

4.2.39 This study supersedes 'The South-east Kowloon Development Statement - Final Report: Volume 1 Development Proposals (1993) report. It does not offer a significant analysis or description of existing landscape or townscape conditions or features, other than a brief statement under the 'Environmental Impacts Section' (Section 17.13) in which key landscape features are mentioned . Otherwise, the report focuses on the prescriptive aspects of the development.

4.2.40 Comment: - There is little data in this study which is not available more comprehensively from other sources.

Planning and Development Study on Hong Kong Island South and Lamma Island (ongoing)

4.2.41 The Planning and Development on Study on Hong Kong Island South and Lamma Island contains a stand-alone 'Landscape Value Appraisal' Report. The report presents a comprehensive breakdown of the Study area into local 'landscape character areas' (LCAs) with corresponding descriptions, rating of landscape sensitivity and detailed landscape planning guidelines for each LCA. There is also a broad landscape strategy for each LCA. Major landscape features are mapped (though woodland mapping is not presented in this report). The Landscape Appraisal Plan is also identifies

4.2.42 The West Kowloon Development Statement - Final Technical Report: Volume 1 Report contains a brief description of the key landscape characteristics of the area. A small number of key landscape issues are noted on plan. The report contains a brief description of the key urban design characteristics of the area. Key problems and shortcomings are noted. A small number of key urban design issues are noted on plan. Most of the report is devoted to identifying proposals.

4.2.43 Comment - Those features of conservation value identified in Para 66 which are said to help define 'sense of place' will be included in the database.

4.2.44 The Central and East Kowloon Development Statement - Final Report provides a brief textual analysis of different land uses, which cover a number of landscape issues, including quarries, waterfront areas, undeveloped land, open space. There is analysis in plan format of building age and building height (Figures 4-5).

4.2.45 Comment - Landmark features mentioned in the text will be included in the database.

4.2.46 The objective of the study is to preserve the historical buildings and optimise development of this vacant site as a tourist attraction. The Study provides textual and graphic information on features of heritage interest and on trees (including a tree survey).

4.2.47 Comment - Information on features of cultural and heritage interest will be drawn from the study.

4.2.48 The study is tasked to formulate a planning strategy to revitalise Tai O while conserving it's attractive natural landscape and cultural heritage. Available data on the study contains limited information on landscape issues with somewhat more on heritage and cultural issues.

4.2.49 Comment - Information on features of cultural and heritage interest will be drawn from the study.

4.2.50 The main of objective of this 2000-2002 study is to prepare a set of urban design guidelines to promote more design consideration in the development process, and to provide a broad framework for urban design assessment. Urban design principles are identified as follows:

4.2.51 Comment - Design guidance is generally generic and therefore of little relevance to the current Assignment. Site-specific guidance is provided for views across Victoria Harbour, but this is not relevant to the current Assignment.

4.2.52 This study seeks to plan the way in which Hong Kong develops physically over the next 30 years. Using similar studies in London, Tokyo and Singapore as precedents, the study considers the key components required for successful development of the territory. Planning objectives include adhering to the principle of sustainable growth, balancing social, economic and environmental needs for present and future generations, providing a framework for an efficient transport system, meeting housing needs, promoting tourism and strengthening links to the Mainland. The study is ongoing.

4.2.53 Comment - The study does not appear hitherto to have produced any data which might be of value to the Assignment.

4.2.54 This study was commissioned by Planning Department in 1999 in response to overall objectives made by the Central and East Kowloon Development Statement (CEKDS) which proposed that Lei Yue Mun be retained for village development. The study access opportunities to enhance this eastern gateway to Hong Kong Harbour for improved living conditions and tourism development, whilst retaining and capitalising upon the area's unique charm. Proposals include a waterfront promenade on stilts, gateway features, rest gardens and generally improved open spaces, footpaths and streetscape.

4.2.55 Comment - The study contains limited baseline review of landscape, cultural and heritage issues. The limited material available will be used as background data on landscape value in the current Assignment.

4.2.56 The study was commissioned by Civil Engineering Department and reported in 1998. The study deals with a currently vacant site below the existing Anderson Road Quarry in east Kowloon and examines the potential to restore part of the site for public and private high-rise housing development together with associated public open spaces, schools and GIC facilities. If implemented, the Study would have potential to cause change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs.

4.2.57 Comment - the study contains some useful background data on landscape resources and cultural issues (graves, temples) in written and graphic format, which will be used as part of the Study.

4.2.58 This study was commissioned by Planning Department in 1999 to propose ways of achieving the CEO's Vision Statement for Victoria Harbour namely: "To make Victoria Harbour attractive, vibrant, accessible and symbolic of Hong Kong - a harbour for the people and a harbour of life."

4.2.59 Key issues were considered poor public accessibility to the Harbour, competing demands for waterfront (e.g. cargo areas and typhoon shelters) and lack of waterfront attractions. Various initiatives were proposed to create opportunities to achieve the aforementioned vision statement. These included core waterfront development for tourism, improved accessibility and waterfront promenades. If implemented, the proposals would have potential to create a positive change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs.

4.2.60 Comment - the study contains some useful background data on areas deemed to have a positive or negative landscape character, which will be used as part of the Assignment.

4.2.61 Landscape and visual impact assessments (LVIAs) have been carried out in Hong Kong for a number of years as part of technical and feasibility studies and as the wider EIA process. Predominant professional practice has been to identify impacts on landscape character as part of this process, as part of which an analysis of existing landscape character and resources is required. Preparation of LVIAs was formalised under the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Ord.No.9 of 1997) and its accompanying Technical Memorandum in 1998

4.2.62 In the LVIA process, the following aspects of the existing landscape are normally defined:

4.2.63 Comment - Prior to the EIA Ordinance, there was considerable variation in the amount and quality of data included in LVIAs. After the Ordinance came into force, there has been a more consistent level of recorded data on landscape resources and character.

4.2.64 However, from a review of technical studies and EIAs identified in Annex 2 of the Study Brief, it is clear there remain often considerable differences in depth and scale of data recording between different projects (as is inevitable where projects are of different scales). An example of these discrepancies is in the recording of landscape units and landscape character. Certain LVIAs include landscape character areas only. Others use what could more accurately be described as landscape character types. Even in the case of LCAs, there is often a difference in the scale at which they are recorded (which is a legitimate professional decision made on the basis of the scale and type of the landscape, the scale of the project and the judgement of the professionals concerned).

4.2.65 Further problems with using technical studies or LVIAs as a data source on landscape include:

4.2.66 Both regional and sub-regional studies have the key virtue that they are reasonably comprehensive in scope. However, the information in ad hoc technical studies and in EIAs is problematic because it is far less consistent in technical approach. In addition, information on landscape value is not normally presented in LVIAs.

4.2.67 The comprehensive desk-top and field survey in this Study would not benefit from and might in fact be potentially compromised by the inclusion of ad hoc, inconsistent data of differing ages. It is therefore suggested that data from ad-hoc technical studies and LVIAs not be included in the database and that instead the Study rely on the comprehensive baseline survey using data from more comprehensive sources verified by field survey.

4.2.69 Technical English Language Literature - Apart from Government commissioned technical studies and research, there is a limited literature produced for the general public on the Hong Kong landscape and townscape. These fall broadly into technical literature and 'recreational' literature. Useful technical literature includes general studies on the geography and ecology of Hong Kong, such as Hills and Streams, An Ecology of Hong Kong (Dudgeon and Corlett, 1994), A Geography of Hong Kong (Chiu, 1983), The Soils and Agriculture of Hong Kong (Grant, 1962). The Urban Council of the Hong Kong Government has also published an extremely useful series of technical guides on the flora, fauna and earth sciences of Hong Kong.

4.2.70 Comment - This literature provides mainly objective and verifiable data on landscape resources. However, more relevant or up to date information is usually available from GIS based sources and it is not anticipated these sources will be of particular assistance in the classification process (though they will assist a more generalised understanding of landscape process).

4.2.71 Non-technical English Language Literature - Of the 'non-technical literature', a number of studies in English have been produced which offer insights, descriptions and secondary historical information on the Hong Kong landscape. Of particular note are The Hong Kong Countryside (Herklots, 1951), Hong Kong's Wild Places (Stokes, 1995), Exploring Hong Kong's Countryside (Stokes, 1999); Across Hong Kong Island (Stokes, 1998), the Coastal Guides Series (Friends of the Earth, various), and The Green Dragon (Williams ed., 1994).

4.2.72 Covering the urban area, there are few non-historical books which deal with the urban landscape. There are numerous pictorial books have been published aimed at the recreational reader, notably the 'Over Hong Kong' series. These provide a limited amount of useful information, although much is quickly out of date. Studies of some interest are Mapping HK (Gutierrez and Portefaix, 2000) which deals with the townscape of Hong Kong from a 'popular geography' approach.

4.2.73 Considerable historic data on the Hong Kong landscape and townscape is available in the popular literary sources. These range from historic maps in Mapping Hong Kong (Empson, 1992) to the series of historic photographs published by former Urban Services Council in City of Victoria - A Selection of the Museum's Historical Photographs (Ho ed., 1994).

4.2.74 The Hong Kong Institute of Architects Annual Report 2001 contains an inventory of all buildings of design merit which were awarded prizes since 1965. This is a useful starting point for establishing the value of modern built features in the urban landscape, although it should be recognised that although a given building may be of architectural merit, not all such buildings may be of landscape value. Therefore buildings on the HKIA list need to be subject to further discrimination.

4.2.75 Of the recreational literature, those documenting the history of the townscape and landscape through maps, photographs and paintings will be of considerable use in tracing the development of the Hong Kong landscape and townscape. Other literature is of some value, though this is limited by an often un-scientific approach, piece-meal coverage and by the fact that in Hong-Kong's rapidly changing landscape, much of it is quickly out-of-date.

4.2.76 Comment - Little of this literature is more relevant in the classification process than data already available in digital format. However, much of the literature has some use in establishing consensual landscape value or in understanding the process of landscape change. Problems with this data however may include its age, format, detail or categorisation, all of which may require interpretation and validation during the review stage and during field survey.

4.2.77 Chinese Language Literature - The Team has accessed a number of useful Chinese language source materials, which are primarily guides and references to important sites and features in the Hong Kong urban and rural landscape. These include references listed in Appendix 2.

4.2.78 Comment - Much of this literature contains material which is not readily available in English language sources, particularly detailed inventories of landscape features which are 'off the beaten track': in particular geomorphological formations, hydrological features and features of cultural interest. A certain proportion of these features could most properly be classed as 'curios'; and are not of immediate relevance in landscape terms. However, much of this information is of relevance, principally as evidence of perceived landscape value.

4.2.79 Comment - Like the English language data, there are issues of data format, age, detail, presentation, etc. which need to be addressed during data review and field survey.

4.2.80 Views received during public consultation are relevant support for consensus on landscape value. Views on the landscape value of particular landscape features or areas will be included in the database as reference materials for decisions on landscape value.

4.2.81 Commentary - The views of the public are like other sources of data, particularly susceptible to problems of compatibility, and issues of detail, format and presentation. Such views will be entered onto the data-base in a fairly literal manner so as not to subject views to undue interpretation. Such evaluations will be used to assist in evaluations made during the Study.

4.3.1 One of the principal objectives of the Study is to establish an inventory of the baseline landscape conditions across the HKSAR. However, the Brief requires that planned and committed development be recognised in the Landscape Character Map "to develop an insight to the future outlook of different landscape areas of Hong Kong" (para 6.6.(1)).

4.3.2 The Study will therefore identify those developments which have the potential to change the landscape character, value or sensitivity of the LCA or LCAs in which they are to be constructed. Because these developments are yet to be built, it is not possible to definitely predict what effect they will have on landscape value, sensitivity or character or condition. Instead, the objective is to alert users of the final Landscape Character Map, that there is potential for such change in the future.

4.3.3 The review of planned and committed development will concentrate on major large-scale developments and will not cover insignificant changes in land use, zoning or individual housing, commercial developments, etc.

4.3.4 For each future development, the extent of the potential project will be defined and a note will be added to the database in the relevant local LCA to record that the assessment and evaluation of landscape character, condition, sensitivity and value for that LCA may change as a result of certain planned and committed development (the nature of which will also be described briefly e.g. highway, planned New Town).

4.3.5 This information will be provided in the form of a separate note within the database for the relevant local LCA and will not affect the assessment and evaluation of the character, condition, sensitivity and value of the LCA, which will be based solely on the existing condition of the LCA.

4.3.6 The information on planned and committed development will be flagged up in the database in a such a way that anyone using the database can quickly and easily appreciate that planned and committed development will have an impact of the current surveyed attributes of the LCA.

4.3.7 Information on planned and committed development will be referenced from the following key sources:

4.3.8 A review has been carried out of the information that is currently available on relevant studies, such as those above. As new development is constantly being planned and committed, it is proposed to keep this category under review (particularly with regard to OZPs) and update it during the course of the Study.

4.3.9 The study was commissioned by the Planning Environment and Lands Bureau and completed in 1998. It sought to review the previous Territorial Development Strategy (TDSR) to produce a land use, transport and environmental framework to guide the preparation of detailed plans and programmes for medium and long term development objectives. The review explores opportunities to enhance the HKSAR's status as a "City of Vision", to enhance its image as an attractive place to live and work, and take into account development trends in South China, especially in the Peal River Delta. The TDSR Review proposals have the potential to cause change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs of the HKSAR.

4.3.10 This study was commissioned jointly by Planning Department and TDD to identify land suitable to meet forecasted housing demand in the North East New Territories (NENT). Areas considered feasible for investigating such development are referred to as Strategic Growth Areas (SGAs). A target accommodation figure of 120,000 persons has been set by the study, with a further requirement for SGAs to accommodate 60,000 jobs.

4.3.11 Areas identified for SGA status are Kwu Tung North (496 ha) to accommodate a population of 72,684 and Fanling North (132 ha) to accommodate a population of 58,959. Additionally, 89 ha have been identified at Ping Che / Ta Kwu Ling to accommodate displaced open storage and industrial uses.

4.3.12 In view of the above, the Planning and Development Study on NENT has the potential to cause change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in and surrounding the aforementioned areas.

4.3.13 The vision for this Planning Department study is to enhance the Sub-Region as the "Leisure Garden of Hong Kong" by promoting conservation, enhancing visitor attractions and achieving a sustainable level of development. Planning themes for specific areas are as follows:

4.3.14 The study proposals have potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in the Study area.

4.3.15 The SWNT DSR was initiated to devise an updated long-term, integrated land use-transport-environment plan for the sub-region. Three scenarios were adopted, namely, conservation / recreation, trend-based and maximum growth. Major growth was recommended in North Lantau and appropriate growth based upon local conditions was recommended for Discovery Bay, Mui Wo, Tai O, Cheung Chau, Peng Chau and Lamma. Remaining areas were mainly designated for conservation and recreation.

4.3.16 In view of the above, the SWNT DSR proposals will have potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in North Lantau, but not necessarily to other LCAs in the sub-region.

4.3.17 Planning Department and Territory Development Department jointly commissioned the Planning and Development Study on North West New Territories (NWNT) (the Study) to identify new development areas to cater for projected population increase.

4.3.18 The principal objectives are to examine the scope for accommodating further developments in NWNT, and to carry out detailed studies including site investigation and infrastructure provision. To date, Hung Shui Kiu has been identified as a potential new development area. A conceptual development plan has been prepared based on the findings of land-use, transport, environmental and engineering studies.

4.3.19 The study proposals have the potential to cause change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in affected areas.

4.3.20 The Report 'Development Proposals for Hung Shui Kui' is related to the above Study and was commissioned by Planning Department and TDD in response to the Planning and Development Study North West New Territories (NWNT). The latter identified Hung Shui Kiu as a potential new development area, to be termed Hung Shui Kiu New Town. The new town is planned to house a total population of 160,000, of which 100,000 would be accommodated in high-density development. Whilst the proposals seek to retain traditional village development, heritage sites and Fung Shui woodlands, the vertical scale and high-density configuration will have potential to cause change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs.

4.3.21 This Study explores the potential for the development of a number of Potential Development Areas (PDA) across Hong Kong Island South and Lamma, as well as identifying a long-term conservation and tourism role for the area. PDAs will comprise small housing, school or open space developments of limited scale. In general there is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs within the Study area.

4.3.22 The Hong Kong Island West Development Statement (HKWDS) was commissioned by Planning Department and concluded in 1996. It was undertaken to provide a land use, transport and environmental planning framework for restructuring the Western Hong Kong Island area and thereby translate earlier Metroplan concepts into more specific district planning objectives. The study area covers 2,330 ha from Green Island to Tin Hau, bordering on the Peak in the south and the Harbour in the north.

4.3.23 The HKWDS proposed ways in which the Study Area could perform the roles and functions given to it by the TDSR and Metroplan, namely to act as a strategic financial and commercial hub, a key growth area for population and employment, a major centre for sport and exhibitions, a major tourist, trading and shopping area, and an area in which proposed land reclamation would help resolve urban decay and help achieve the preceding objectives. The HKWDS comprised three components, namely an Outline Development Plan, Sectoral Action Plans and an Institutional Framework and Financing.

4.3.24 Areas included for redevelopment and enhancement under HKWDS included the Mount Davis Cottage Area, the Kennedy Town Abattoir, old tenements in Sheung Wan, Wan Chai, Tai Hang and Centre Street, and the Central Market. General enhancement objectives included pedestrian network improvement plans, Coastal Protection Areas (Green Island), improved open space and recreation provision, three new Urban Fringe Parks (Mount Davis, Green Island and Mount Butler Quarry), and new waterfront promenades.

4.3.25 The proposed landscape enhancement recommendations as stated in the HKWDS would, if implemented, create potential for change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs within the HKWDS study area..

4.3.26 This study was commissioned Planning Department and was concluded in 1992. It sought to enhance the setting and physical characteristics of Tsuen Wan and Kwai Tsing through good urban and landscape design practise, in line with Metroplan guidelines. As such, the proposals have potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of relevant LCAs.

4.3.27 The study was commissioned by the Kowloon Development Office of TDD to assess the implications of redevelopment proposals for Kai Tak Airport. The proposals recommended large-scale reclamation of Kowloon Bay between the former runway of Kai Tak Airport and the shoreline of Ngau Tau Kok and Kwun Tong in the north and to To Kwa Wan in the west. The site would be redeveloped primarily for high-rise residential use and would accommodate major open space linkages, a central stadium complex, a central park, piazzas, a waterfront promenade and view corridors to Lion Rock, the Kowloon Hills and Victoria Harbour. The design accommodates physical references to the former Kai Tak Airport by partially retaining the runway alignment and proposing an aviation museum on the site.

4.3.28 The South East Kowloon Development has the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in the study area.

4.3.29 The West Kowloon Development Statement (WKDS) was commissioned in 1991 by Planning Department and concluded in 1993. It was undertaken to provide a land use, transport and environmental planning framework for restructuring the West Kowloon area and thereby translate earlier Metroplan concepts into more specific district planning objectives. The study area covers 920ha of existing hinterland and 420ha of new reclamation and includes West Kowloon and Kowloon Point Reclamations, Lai Chi Kok, Cheung Sha Wan and Sham Shui Po, Shek Kip Mei, Mong Kok, Yau Ma Tei and Tsim Sha Tsui. Problems highlighted by the WKDS included incompatible land uses, obsolete industrial areas, congested streets, severe open space shortfalls, poor interfaces between elevated roads and adjacent housing, close juxtaposition of industrial and residential uses, and a proliferation of industrial workshops.

4.3.30 Proposals by the WKDS to enhance the study area included an urban design and landscape framework with a basic concept to break West Kowloon into recognisable parts, to enhance the character of the place and to conserve landscape features and activities/building of heritage significance. Specific proposals included building height concepts relating to the Kowloon Hills, special design areas (e.g. Marine Police Headquarters), focal points and prominent built form, improved provision and design of open space, streetscape improvements (e.g. provision of street trees, furniture and upgraded paving), better landscape treatment to major road corridors, and provision of major pedestrian movement corridors.

4.3.31 The proposed mitigation measures as stated in the WKDS would, have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs within the WKDS study area.

4.3.32 The Central and East Kowloon Development Statement (CEKDS) was commissioned by Planning Department in 1994 and concluded in 1998. The CEKDS covers 2,600ha including Hung Hom Bay, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Tong, Wong Tai Sin, Ngau Tau Kok, Kwun Tong, Yau Tong and Lei Yue Mun. The CEKDS was prepared in response to environmental problems within the urban areas, including interface problems between public housing and industrial areas, residential sites within 200 metres of chimneys, areas of environmental degradation, poor street environment, poor water quality areas, and poor air quality areas. Measures were proposed to alleviate these items including an urban design and conservation framework, a landscape, recreation and pedestrian framework, and an improved open space framework.

4.3.33 The proposed mitigation measures as stated in the CEKDS would have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs within the CEKDS study area.

4.3.34 The objective of the study is to preserve the historical buildings and optimise development of this vacant site as a tourist attraction. As such the proposals in the study have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of this LCA.

4.3.35 The study is tasked to formulate a planning strategy to revitalise Tai O while conserving it's attractive natural landscape and cultural heritage. As such the proposals in the study have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value this LCA.

4.3.36 The purpose of this 1991 strategy was to provide a comprehensive framework for landscape conservation and enhancement of the Metropolitan urban fringe and coastal areas. Specifically, the following objectives were made:

4.3.37 In view of the Metroplan's basic definition, the strategy should have potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs throughout the metropolitan area. However, there is nothing specific that could be added to the LCA database.

4.3.38 The main of objective of this 2000-2002 study is to prepare a set of urban design guidelines to promote more design consideration in the development process, and to provide a broad framework for urban design assessment. Major urban design initiatives in Hong Kong are identified as follows:

4.3.39 The aforementioned objectives, if adopted as urban design guidelines, would have potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of affected LCAs. However, there is nothing specific that could be added to the LCA database.

4.3.40 This study seeks to plan the way in which Hong Kong develops physically over the next 30 years. Using similar studies in London, Tokyo and Singapore as precedents, the study considers the key components required for successful development of the territory. Planning objectives include adhering to the principle of sustainable growth, balancing social, economic and environmental needs for present and future generations, providing a framework for an efficient transport system, meeting housing needs, promoting tourism and strengthening links to the Mainland. Though specific development projects have not yet been proposed, by providing a focused and holistic approach to HKSAR development, the proposals in this study have potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of affected LCAs if compared to changes stemming from an unfocused and piecemeal strategy. However, there is nothing specific that could be added to the LCA database.

4.3.41 This study was commissioned by Planning Department in 1999 in response to overall objectives made by the Central and East Kowloon Development Statement (CEKDS) which proposed that Lei Yue Mun be retained for village development. The study access opportunities to enhance this eastern gateway to Hong Kong Harbour for improved living conditions and tourism development, whilst retaining and capitalising upon the area's unique charm.

4.3.42 Proposals include a waterfront promenade on stilts, gateway features, rest gardens and generally improved open spaces, footpaths and streetscape. In view of this, the proposals would have potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in the area.

4.3.43 The recommendations of the Strategic Highway Project Review were initiated under the Strategic Highway Project Review System prepared by Transport Bureau in 2002. The review focuses on 15 projects and adopts land use planning and population assumptions issued by Planning Department in 2001.

4.3.44 Proposed works include upgrading and widening of existing transport corridors such as the Improvement to the Island Eastern Corridor between Causeway Bay and North Point, Reconstruction and Improvement of Tuen Mun Road, and the Widening of Gascoigne Road Flyover.

4.3.45 Major upgrading works include the Upgrading of Tsuen Wan Road and the Widening of Tolo Highway/Fanling Highway between Island House Interchange and Fanling.

4.3.46 Potential new routes include Route 10 - North Lantau to Yuen Long Highway, Route 9 between Cheung Sha Wan and Sha Tin, Route 9 between Tsing Yi and Cheung Sha Wan, Sha Tin New Town - Trunk Roads T3 and T4, Route 11 - TO Western Coast Road, and Route 7 - Kennedy Town to Aberdeen.

4.3.47 Finally, minor new roads may include Route 11 - Trunk road T2 (Kai Tak - Cha Kwo Ling Link), Lantau Road P1 between Sham Shi Kok and Yam O, and Route 11 - Central Kowloon Route (which is predominantly in tunnel).

4.3.48 All proposed works have the potential to cause change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which the roads pass.

4.3.49 The study was commissioned by Civil Engineering Department and reported in 1998. The study deals with a currently vacant site below the existing Anderson Road Quarry in east Kowloon and examines the potential to restore part of the site for public and private high-rise housing development together with associated public open spaces, schools and GIC facilities. If implemented, the Study would have potential to cause change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs within the study area.

4.3.50 This study was commissioned by Planning Department in 1999 to propose ways of achieving the CEO's Vision Statement for Victoria Harbour namely: "To make Victoria Harbour attractive, vibrant, accessible and symbolic of Hong Kong - a harbour for the people and a harbour of life,"

4.3.51 Key issues were considered poor public accessibility to the Harbour, competing demands for waterfront (e.g. cargo areas and typhoon shelters) and lack of waterfront attractions. Various initiatives were proposed to create opportunities to achieve the aforementioned vision statement. These included core waterfront development for tourism, improved accessibility and waterfront promenades. If implemented, the proposals would have potential to create a positive change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs within the study area.

4.3.52 A review was carried out of those environmental impact assessments currently available to the public and published and Planning Department's website. The findings of this review are set out below.

075/2002: "Improvement to Tung Chung Road between Lung Tseng Tau and Cheung Sha."

4.3.53 The project comprises the widening to dual-2 of the existing Tung Chung Road between Lung Tseng Tau and Cheung Sha. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which the route passes, including those in Lantau North and South Country Parks.

4.3.54 The project comprises construction of a fill bank from CD material at Area 137 in TKO. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs within the study area.

077//2002: "Permanent Aviation Fuel Facility for Hong Kong International Airport."

4.3.55 The Project comprises the construction of a permanent aviation fuel facility for Hong Kong International Airport at Tuen Mun Area 38 on an industrial site. There is potential for change to to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of affected LCAs.

4.3.56 The project comprises a 5.4km trunk road connecting the Shenzhen - Hong Kong Western Corridor to R10 with three major interchanges. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which it passes.

074/2002: "Yuen Long & Kam Tin Sewerage and Sewage Disposal Stage 1 Packages."

4.3.57 The project comprises the construction of sewage pumping stations and associated underground sewers and rising mains. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which it passes.

073/2002: "Engineering Feasibility Study for the Comprehensive Development at Yau Tong Bay."

4.3.58 The project comprises reclamation at Yau Tong Bay for major housing and commercial development. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in this area.

4.3.59 The project comprises a Spur Line construction to Link existing KCRC East Rail at Sheung Shui with the proposed Shenzhen Metro System at Lok Ma Chau. Potential exists for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which the line passes.

068/2002: "Planning and Engineering Feasibility Study for Sham Tseng Development."

4.3.60 The project comprises a 15ha reclamation for residential development between Dragon Beach and the proposed Ting Kau and Sham Tseng Sewage Treatment Works, south of Sham Tseng town. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the area..

067/2002: "Widening of Yuen Long Highway between Lam Tei and Shap Pat Heung Interchange."

4.3.61 The project comprises the widening of Yuen Long Highway between Lam Tei and Shap Pat Heung Interchange involving tree felling and erection of noise barriers.. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in which works are located.

4.3.62 This project will upgrade power cables from 33kV to 132kV connecting the CLP Power Station at Pui O to Cheung Chau. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of surrounding LCAs.

064/2001: "Demolition of Buildings and Structures in the Proposed Kennedy Town CDA Site".

4.3.63 This project involves the demolition of the Kennedy Town incinerator and CDA Site to make way for an as yet unconfirmed development, likely to be housing and commercial. There is potential that demolition and redevelopment will lead to a change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the LCA.

4.3.64 This project comprises the replacement of two cremators to rectify black emissions. There will be works to generally enhance the landscape and garden areas. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of this and surrounding LCAs.

4.3.65 This project comprises the construction of new roads to link Tseung Kwan O East to TKO Area 72 in the South, via the town centre. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs as a result of this development.

4.3.66 This project comprises a low-rise bus depot development covering an area of approx 1 hectare located next to the MTR tracks and HK Institute of Vocational Training (Chai Wan). There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs to be caused by this development.

059/2001: "Comprehensive Feasibility Study for the Revised Scheme of South East Kowloon Development."

4.3.67 This study comprises a comprehensive feasibility study for mixed-use development on the former Kai Tak Airport site and on reclamation surrounding the site. There will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs as a result of the development.

4.3.68 This study comprises urban development between Fenwick Piers Street in the west, Hing Fat Street to the east, and Gloucester Road to the south. Development is proposed on both existing and new reclamation and will include major highways, commercial properties and a landscaped waterfront promenade. There will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the area as a result of the development.

056/2001: "Lei Yue Mun Road Underpass Modification at Junction with Yau Tong Road & Associated Improvement Works."

4.3.69 This project comprises the construction of a road beneath the existing Lei Yue Mun Road / Kam Tin Road roundabout and associated noise barriers, footbridge and highways improvements. This project has potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which it passes.

055/2001: "Central Reclamation Phase III - Studies Site Investigation, Design and Construction."

4.3.70 CR111 comprises urban development between Fenwick Pier Street in the east, new ferry piers in the west and Gloucester Road in the South. Development is proposed on both existing and new reclamation and will include major highways, commercial properties a Central Government Complex (CGC), new Star Ferry Pier, new Public Landing Steps, and a landscaped waterfront promenade to include marine basin and a festival market. There will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in the area.

054/2001: "Improvement to Castle Peak Road between Ka Loon Tsuen and Siu Lam."

4.3.71 The project comprises widening of Castle Peak Road from single carriageway to dual-2 lane between Ka Loon Tsuen and Siu Lam. Additionally, a 0.8km viaduct is proposed between Siu Lam and Tai Lam Kok, and a new sea wall is proposed between Ka Loon Tsuen and Tai Lam Kok. There will be extensive slope works, drainage works and utilities associated with this project. As a major road widening scheme with slope works, there will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value LCAs through which the route passes.

4.3.72 This project comprises relocation of plant rooms and station accommodation at TST Station at the Mody Road -Nathan Road interchange to increase space for pedestrian circulation. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in the area.

049/2001: "West Kowloon Reclamation Contract No. W30 - Remaining Roadworks Stage 4, Link Roads G & L."

4.3.73 The project comprises implementation of outstanding transport infrastructure to the existing West Kowloon Reclamation. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in the area.

047/2001: "Proposed RMC Concrete Batching Plant at Telegraph Bay for Cyber-Port Development."

4.3.74 This project comprises temporary installation of a concrete batching plant at Cyberport. All associated structures will be removed after completion of Cyberport Works project but there is potential for temporary change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of any LCAs.

043/2000: "Investigation Assignment for the Widening of Tolo Highway / Fanling Highway between Island House Interchange and Fanling".

4.3.75 The project comprises widening an approximate 8km length of the Tolo Highway / Fanling Highway from dual-3 to dual-4. Works include widening of three major interchanges, modification of bridges and associated geotechnical works. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which the route passes.

4.3.76 The project comprises construction of a berm within Tai O connected by a channel. Extensive mangrove planting is also proposed between the anchorage and the existing reclamation edge. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the area.

041/2000: "Construction of an International Theme Park in Penny's Bay, North Lantau."

4.3.77 The project comprises the reclamation of Penny's Bay for an international theme park and associated hotels and major infrastructure. The project has potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape of Penny's Bay.

4.3.78 This project comprises two development packages, the Northshore Lantau Development and the Chok Ko Wan Link Roads. Major infrastructure, urban development packages, road works, slope works etc. will be included in the project. The works have the potential to create change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs on the north Lantau coast,

4.3.79 The project comprises the construction of the village sewerage in Tai Lam Chung Valley and in the area of So Kwun Wat. Whilst the pipes will not be visible at the operation stage of this project the construction of six new pumping stations will have potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs in which they lie.

4.3.80 The project comprises a rail line extension from Hung Hom to TST. Cut and cover construction techniques will necessitate felling of existing mature trees, through these will be compensated by extensive new planting. Additional areas of public open space will be made available and Signal Hill will be upgraded and re-landscaped. This project will have potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape.

4.3.81 The Project comprises a new permanent bus depot on the site of a temporary car park adjacent to the Chai Wan Cargo Handling Area. These works will have the potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape.

4.3.82 The project comprises a major element in the planned strategic highway between Hong Kong and Guangdong Province. Although there is potential for change to the exact proposals, the scale and associated infrastructure (bridges, tunnels, slope cutting, utilities, service buildings, toll plazas etc) will have potential to create change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which it passes.

031/1999: "LRT Extension in Tin Shui Wai Reserve Zone and Grade Separation of the LRT with Pui To Road and Tsing Lung Road in Tuen Mun."

4.3.83 The works comprise a 2.6km stretch of new railway in Tin Shui Wai and Tuen Mun with 6 stops. Grade separation work in Pui To Road and Lam Tin comprises a new viaduct. These works will have potential to change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the LCAs through which they pass.

4.3.84 The works comprise extension of the LRT from Tin Shui Wai Station across Tin Fuk Road and along Tin Shing Road to Stop 500 at Tui Wing Road. The alignment measures approx. 1.5km and has 5 stops. The track is at grade for almost its entire length and will be screened by tree and shrub planting. There is potential for changes to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape as a result of the works.

029/1999: "132kV Overhead Pole Line & Underground Cable from the Existing Po Lam Substation to the Existing Tui Min Hoi Substation - Circuit No. 2."

4.3.85 The works comprise overhead power lines and an underground cable from Tseung Kwan O, running along the ridges to Pa Kong Village in Sai Kung, over a distance of approx. 6km. The works have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the LCAs through which they pass.

4.3.86 The project comprises improvements to the Hebe Haven Yacht Club's marine facilities which will involve small scale dredging works, sea wall construction, land reclamation, and the provision of pontoon moorings. The works will have potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape.

4.3.87 The MOS Rail Extension is proposed to run from Tai Wai to Lee On in the New Territories. It will link fast growing conurbations like NENT via the existing East Rail Network to Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. The MOS Rail Extension will include the construction of 11.4km of railway track, nine new stations, and a depot at Tai Wai and due to the overall scale of the development there is a potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which it passes.

4.3.88 The project comprises Essential Public Infrastructure Works associated with the new West Rail Development, namely to undertake highway realignments for new stations at Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai, Tuen Mun Centre and Kam Tin. There will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape along the alignment.

4.3.89 The project comprises the construction of viaducts running from Lai Wan Interchange, connecting Route 16 and the West Kowloon Highway near Cheung Sha Wan. Moving west, Route 9 is aligned across the northern section of the West Kowloon Reclamation between Stonecutters Island and CT8. Stonecutters Bridge will take Route 9 across the Rambler Channel between CT8 and CT9. Route 9 will continue through a dual-3 Nam Wan Tunnel through Tsing Yi Island to the North West Tsing Yi Interchange at Route 16.,Due to major viaducts and tunnel portals, necessitating slope cutting and ventilation buildings, there will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs along the route.

4.3.90 The project comprises the widening of Tai Po Road to dual-3 between the northern end of Shing Mun Tunnel Road and Fo Tan Road. The road widening passes through Sha Tin Centre and is 2.2 km in length. There will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape through which the widened road will pass.

023/1999: "Tseung Kwan O Development - Contract F: Grade Separated Interchange T1/P1/P2"

4.3.91 The project comprises the upgrading of the existing at-grade interchange at Roads T1/P1/P2 junction in Tseung Kwan O to a grade-separated interchange, and to widen the section of Road P2 between Roads D1 and D2. There will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape in which the works will take place.

4.3.92 The project comprises a major new trunk road connection between Tseung Kwan O New Town and South East Kowloon. The Western Coast Road is divided into four sections: a TKO Section comprising a new coastal reclamation strip to Lei Yue Mun Headland; Lei Yue Mun Headland Section comprising a short cut and cover tunnel; Lei Yue Mun Slip Roads; and Yau Tong Coastal Section comprising construction of the road on new coastal reclamation. There will be potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which the road passes.

4.3.93 The alternative alignment differs from the previously endorsed Route 16 alignment in three key areas: widening of the Lai Chi Kok Viaduct from dual-2 to dual-3; addition of dual-2 connection to the " Route 9 between Tsing Yi and Cheung Sha Wan" trunk road; and a new alignment along the Butterfly Valley. The road has potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of LCAs through which it passes.

018/1999: "Sai Sha Road Widening between Kam Ying Road and proposed Road T7 Junction"

4.3.94 The project comprises the widening of Sai Sha Road between Kam Ying Road and it's junction with the proposed Road T7 from single carriageway to dual-2 status. A roundabout is also proposed for the Lee On Estate access road. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of this landscape.

017/1999: "Essential Public Infrastructure Works associated with West Rail Stations in Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai and Tuen Mun Centre"

4.3.95 The project comprises the re-alignment of Long Yat Road in Yuen Long, re-alignment of Tin Fuk Road, Ping Ha Road and Tin Yui Road in Tin Shui Wai, and widening of Tuen Mun Heung Sze Wui Road, Yan Ching Street, Pui To Road and Ho Pong Street in Tuen Mun Centre. There is potential for change to the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape.

4.3.96 The project comprises a 3.2km length dual-3 elevated road link between the proposed Deep Bay Link at Ngu Hom Shek and Dongjiaotou in Shekou on the Mainland. The bridge design will include two cable stayed sections with inclined towers which are likely to become landmark features within Deep Bay. This project works have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape though which they pass.

Feasibility Study for Housing Development at Whitehead and Lee On Shan, Sha Tin

4.3.97 The project comprises a residential development on the Whitehead Peninsula in Ma On Shan. High rise development would be located on existing farmland at Lok Wo Sha and low rise development would be located on the peninsula at the site of the previous Whitehead Detention Centre. In total, the development will accommodate 17,000 residents in 6,800 flats. The project has potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of the landscape in which it lies.

Study on the Long-term Arrangements to Accommodate Inert Construction and Demolition (C&D) Materials and Dredged Mud

4.3.98 The aim of this study is to provide a location for uncontaminated dredged mud and inert C&D materials which will be produced by the HKSAR over the next 30 years. The proposed site is located between Cheung Chau and Lamma Island in open water. Upon completion of the site, a new island will have been formed measuring 1566 hectares in area. Early proposals for container port afteruses were shelved due to visual impacts. The island will be low lying and sensitively landscaped and will include recreational, educational and environmental design elements. There is potential that the project works may affect the character, condition, sensitivity or value of certain maritime landscapes.

Comprehensive Feasibility Study for the Revised Scheme of South East Kowloon Development

4.3.99 The study proposes a master plan for major new mixed development at the previous Kai Tak Airport site and environs. Original proposals have been redesigned following objections from the public. Existing proposals provide for high rise residential development, a stadium complex and a central park linked by substantial landscaped breezeways, boulevards, squares and a waterfront promenade. The study encourages the use of contemporary urban design and landscape principles. The project works have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of this landscape.

Further Urban Design Study for Planning and Development of South East Kowloon

4.3.100 This study was undertaken after principal acceptance of the SEKD Preliminary Layout Plan by the public. It seeks to establish a comprehensive urban design framework for SEKD and produce detailed guidelines and requirements at district and local levels, with the objective of creating a showpiece development at SEKD. Specific objectives are to fine-tune current Urban Design and Landscape Concept Plans, establish vision statements to nurture local identity and neighbourhood, further improve pedestrian circulation, formulate detailed urban design and landscape proposals for spatial corridors and open space systems, to prepare Planning Briefs with detailed urban design and landscape guidelines for individual development sites, to identify successful examples of urban designs of international cities, and to recommend mechanisms to implement the study proposals. The study should be seen as an adjunct to the aforementioned "Comprehensive Feasibility Study for the Revised Scheme of South East Kowloon Development" and the works will have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of this landscape.

Extension of Existing Landfills and Identification of Potential New Waste Disposal Sites

4.3.101 The project determines the future need for HKSAR landfilling capacity, identify measures to maximise existing void landfill space, identify strategic landfills suitable for extension, identify potential new landfill sites, and formulate an implementation plan. Thirteen new sites were assessed in addition to extensions at NENT and WENT. New sites were located in open waters throughout the HKSAR. Impacts were assessed at a strategic level through an SEA. The study concluded that the provision of new marine landfills at six sites should be considered for further investigation, and also extensions at NENT and WENT. Further studies may be conducted at EIA level to consider the feasibility of these areas and the environmental impacts which would be likely. There is potential that the project works may affect the character, condition, sensitivity or value of certain terrestrial and maritime landscapes.

4.3.102 This is a public fill project located on the foreshore and seabed adjacent to the Tolo Highway north of the Chinese University. The six million cubic metres of fill will form 68 hectares enclosed by a 2.5km seawall and will be completed in late 2003 (Stage 1 started in October 1996). The existing reclamation works, and the future development located upon it, have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of this landscape.

4.3.103 This assesses the impacts of various designated projects which will collectively make up West Rail. The railway will be located at grade, on viaduct and in tunnel and will link Kowloon with Yuen Long and Tuen Mun. Stations will be located at Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai and Tuen Mun Centre at Tsing Ling Road and Pui To Road. Approximately 12 hectares of farmland valued for its bird and animal habitat in the Kam Tin Valley will be destroyed by this development and will be reprovisioned as part of the mitigation measures. The project works have the potential to change the character, condition, sensitivity or value of affected LCAs through which it passes and which are affected by infrastructure required for its operation.

4.3.104 As noted above, the review of this information will be presented as a series of commentaries on the likely effect of planned and committed development on the landscape of each regional landscape character area.

4.3.105 It is however important to note that as the Study is likely to run for at least 12 months more, in a development environment as dynamic as that in Hong Kong, the list of planned and committed development is likely to change rapidly. Therefore any data reviewed at this point in the Study is likely to be superseded or supplemented as the Study progresses.

4.3.106 It is therefore proposed that this literature be reviewed and presented at Final Landscape Character Map stage in order to ensure that it is reasonably up-to-date.

4.4.1 Details of the GIS methodology used to produce the Preliminary Landscape Character Map have been presented in Working Paper 5.1. The purpose of this section is to describe the format of the Preliminary Landscape Character Map and associated GIS data.

4.4.3 The procedure used to produce the Preliminary Landscape Character Map involves identification of LCAs and their corresponding LCTs across Hong Kong. The adopted approach can be used to achieve this by using existing layers of information representing natural and man-made features to define LCA boundaries. For a number of LCTs, there is not sufficient existing data to delineate LCA boundaries. In these cases, the information below has been used to identify district level LCT boundaries. Data layers used for creation of the Preliminary Landscape Character Map and included in the LCM database are shown in Table 4.3, below. The table makes mention of the source dataset(s), from Appendix 1, used to construct the layer. Exact features used from each of these layers to produce LCAs of the various LCTs is presented in Appendix 4 which describes the data treatment for each LCT. ( Back to Section 4.2.6 )

4.4.4 The result of the procedure described above, and in greater detail in Chapter 5, is a GIS data layer consisting of polygons. Each of the polygons represents an LCA and is coded with a numeric identifier corresponding to its LCT. Short names and descriptions of these LCTs are stored in what is known as a Look-up table.

4.4.5 In addition to the standard items used to define the polygonal entities in the GIS file, the Attribute Table of the Preliminary Landscape Character Map contains the key items shown in Table 4.4. These key items allow each polygon representing an LCA to be linked to additional information about that LCA. This extra information is stored in what is known as a Look-up Table.

**Table 4.4 : Key Items Stored in Preliminary Landscape Character Map Attribute Table**
Item Name	Description	Type	Length
LCA_ID	Unique identifier for each LCA polygon in file	Integer	16
LCT_CODE	Numeric code identifying the LCA polygon's LCT. (e.g. Dg(v)6). Links record to look up table	Character	16

4.4.6 The Look-up Table contains the items shown in Table 4.5. Its purpose is to store detailed information about the LCTs attributed to each LCA in the PLCM.

**Table 4.5 : Items Stored in Preliminary Landscape Character Map Look-Up Table**
Item Name	Description	Type	Length
LCT_CODE	Numeric code for each LCT	Integer	4 digits
LCT_NAME	Short name for LCT	String	128 digits
LCT_DESC	Description of LCT	String	1000 digits
LCT_NOTE	Any notes about the LCT	String	1000 digits

4.4.7 The Preliminary Landscape Character Map is being generated using ESRI's ArcGIS suite of products and Earth Resource Mappings ERMapper. The format of the Preliminary Landscape Character Map is an ArcGIS Personal Geodatabase. Data stored in this format resides in a Microsoft Jet Database. The text data in the database can be edited using Microsoft Access.

4.4.8 A number of other layers of data have been input to the database in order to record features and areas significant in defining landscape value. It should be noted that these are in draft format and will likely be refined and supplemented during field surveys. As mentioned, this information falls either into the class of a discreet feature of landscape value significance or a more generalised area of landscape value significance.

4.4.9 A number of other layers of data have been input to the database in order to record features and areas significant in defining landscape value. This data has been gathered initially from hard copy data sources described above. It should be noted that this data is in draft format and will confirmed, refined and supplemented during field surveys. As mentioned, this information falls either into the class of a discreet feature of landscape value significance or a more generalised area of landscape value significance.

4.4.10 Currently the categories of information presented in Table 4.6 have been identified for input into the database:

**Table 4.6 : Evaluative Information Selected for Input into Database**
Category	File Name	Description	Data Type
LANDSCAPE VALUE (FEATURES)
Valuable Landscape Features with Historic Associations	HIST_BUILDING	Historic buildings	POINT
Valuable Landscape Features with Cultural Associations	CULT_RELIGION	Features with religious/spiritual associations (temples/monasteries, fung shui trees and woods, etc)	POINT, POLYGON
	CULT_FOLKORE	Features with folklore/cultural associations (rocks/trees/areas)	POINT, POLYGON
	CULT_OTHER	Features with other associations	POINT, POLYGON
Valuable Landscape Features with Nature Conservation Associations	NATCON_WOODLAND	Woodland features	POLYGON
	NATCON_SCRUB	Scrubland features	POLYGON
	NATCON_GRASSLAND	Grassland features	POLYGON
	NATCON_MARSH	Marsh areas	POLYGON
	NATCON_MUDFLAT	Mudflat areas	POLYGON
	NATCON_STREAMS	Streams	LINE, POLYGON
	NATCON_MANGROVE	Mangrove areas	POLYGON
Visual Attractors (Landscape Features with Positive Visual Qualities)	POSVAL_PEAKS POSVAL_RIDGES	Peaks/ Ridges	POINT,LINE
	POSVAL_GEOMORPH	Detailed geomorphologic features	POINT, LINE, POLYGON
	POSVAL_HYDROLOGY	Waterfalls/streams/pools	POINT, LINE, POLYGON
	POSVAL_BUILDING	Landmark buildings/structures	POINT
Visual Detractors (Landscape Features with Negative Visual Qualities)	To be advised

LANDSCAPE VALUE - AREAS
Landscapes of Scenic Value	SCENIC_VALUE	Landscapes of scenic value	POLYGON
Landscapes with Particular Sense of Place	PLACE_VALUE	Landscapes with particular sense of place	POLYGON
Landscapes with Negative Visual Qualities	NEGATIVE_VALUE	Landscapes with negative visual qualities	POLYGON

4.4.11 In addition to the Preliminary Landscape Character Map's GIS layer, layers used in its creation and associated landscape value layers, a number of other layers of reference information are included in the database. These datasets and the Government departments they are from are as follows:

4.4.12 All of the above described value data layers will be loaded onto PocketPCs for use by surveyors during the field surveys, for review and verification.